Bancs d’essai
Classement QS 2016-2017 : les universités françaises perdent du terrain
Par
Étienne Gless,
publié le 06 septembre 2016
1 min
Le classement QS 2016-2017 des meilleures universités au plan international montre une baisse des performances des établissements français. Néanmoins, 5 écoles et universités figurent toujours parmi le top 200.
Après Shanghai le 15 août, le bal des classements internationaux s'ouvre avec la publication de la treizième édition du QS World University Rankings (www.TopUniversities.com), classement international annuel des universités réalisé par le think-tank Quacquarelli Symonds, spécialisé dans l'enseignement supérieur.
La nouveauté ? Pour la première fois les États-Unis occupent les trois premières places du classement : le MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) est toujours premier, l'université de Stanford arrive 2e, devant l'université de Harvard, 3e. Les prestigieuses universités anglaises de Cambridge et Oxford pointent à la 4e et à la 6e place cette année.
5 écoles et universités dans le top 200, 17 dans le top 400
La première institution universitaire française à figurer dans le classement QS reste l'École normale supérieure de Paris. Mais l'école de la rue d'Ulm dégringole de 10 places au classement général, et est classée 33e cette année, même si elle figure à la 6e place mondiale pour la qualité de sa recherche.
Une chute qui illustre la tendance globale pour l'Hexagone. La France, qui comptait l'an passé 20 établissements classés parmi les 400 premiers, n'en compte plus que 17 : en recul l'université Paul-Sabatier Toulouse 3, l'université Aix-Marseille et l'INSA de Lyon, qui quittent le top 400. Même l'École polytechnique ParisTech perd 13 places et est désormais classée 53e.
À lire aussi : tous nos palmarès et bancs d'essai d'écoles de commerce, d'ingénieurs et d'universités.
À noter cependant l'entrée, pour la première fois dans le classement et à la 206e place, de l'université Grenoble-Alpes, née début 2016 de la fusion des trois anciennes universités grenobloises. Au total, cinq universités françaises figurent quand même parmi les 400 meilleures au monde : outre Grenoble-Alpes, l'UPMC (141e), l'université Paris-Sorbonne (221e), l'université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (228e) et l'université Paris-Sud Paris 11 (241e).
Quatre grandes écoles figurent également dans ce top 200 : outre l'ENS Paris et l'École polytechnique, CentraleSupélec (164e) et l'ENS de Lyon (177e). Sciences po arrive ensuite à la 220e place.
Classement international QS 2016-2017 : le top 200
| Rang 2016 | Rang 2015 | Établissement | Pays |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 | MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (MIT) | United States |
| 2 | 3 | STANFORD UNIVERSITY | United States |
| 3 | 2 | HARVARD UNIVERSITY | United States |
| 4 | 3 | UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE | United Kingdom |
| 5 | 5 | CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (CALTECH) | United States |
| 6 | 6 | UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD | United Kingdom |
| 7 | 7 | UCL (UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON) | United Kingdom |
| 8 | 9 | ETH ZURICH (SWISS FEDERAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY) | Switzerland |
| 9 | 8 | IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON | United Kingdom |
| 10 | 10 | UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO | United States |
| 11 | 11 | PRINCETON UNIVERSITY | United States |
| 12 | 12 | NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE (NUS) | Singapore |
| 13 | 13 | NANYANG TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY (NTU) | Singapore |
| 14 | 14 | ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FÉDÉRALE DE LAUSANNE (EPFL) | Switzerland |
| 15 | 15 | YALE UNIVERSITY | United States |
| 16 | 17 | CORNELL UNIVERSITY | United States |
| 17 | 16 | JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY | United States |
| 18 | 18 | UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA | United States |
| 19 | 21 | UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH | United Kingdom |
| 20 | 22 | COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY | United States |
| 21 | 19 | KING'S COLLEGE LONDON (KCL) | United Kingdom |
| 22 | 19 | AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY (ANU) | Australia |
| 23 | 30 | UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN | United States |
| 24 | 25 | TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY | China |
| 24 | 29 | DUKE UNIVERSITY | United States |
| 26 | 32 | NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY | United States |
| 27 | 30 | UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG (HKU) | Hong Kong |
| 28 | 26 | UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY (UCB) | United States |
| 29 | 33 | THE UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER | United Kingdom |
| 30 | 24 | MCGILL UNIVERSITY | Canada |
| 31 | 27 | UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES (UCLA) | United States |
| 32 | 34 | UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO | Canada |
| 33 | 23 | ÉCOLE NORMALE SUPÉRIEURE, PARIS (ENS PARIS) | FRANCE |
| 34 | 39 | THE UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO | Japan |
| 35 | 36 | SEOUL NATIONAL UNIVERSITY (SNU) | Korea |
| 36 | 28 | THE HONG KONG UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (HKUST) | Hong Kong |
| 37 | 38 | KYOTO UNIVERSITY | Japan |
| 37 | 35 | LONDON SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS AND POLITICAL SCIENCE (LSE) | United Kingdom |
| 39 | 41 | PEKING UNIVERSITY | China |
| 40 | 44 | UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO (UCSD) | United States |
| 41 | 37 | UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL | United Kingdom |
| 42 | 42 | THE UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE | Australia |
| 43 | 51 | FUDAN UNIVERSITY | China |
| 44 | 51 | THE CHINESE UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG (CUHK) | Hong Kong |
| 45 | 50 | UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA | Canada |
| 46 | 45 | THE UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY | Australia |
| 46 | 53 | NEW YORK UNIVERSITY (NYU) | United States |
| 46 | 43 | KAIST - KOREA ADVANCED INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY | Korea |
| 49 | 46 | THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES (UNSW) | Australia |
| 49 | 49 | BROWN UNIVERSITY | United States |
| 51 | 46 | THE UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND (UQ) | Australia |
| 51 | 48 | THE UNIVERSITY OF WARWICK | United Kingdom |
| 53 | 54 | UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON | United States |
| 53 | 40 | ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUE PARISTECH | FRANCE |
| 55 | 57 | CITY UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG | Hong Kong |
| 56 | 56 | TOKYO INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY | Japan |
| 57 | 55 | UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM | Netherlands |
| 58 | 62 | CARNEGIE MELLON UNIVERSITY | United States |
| 59 | 65 | UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON | United States |
| 60 | 60 | TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITÄT MÜNCHEN | Germany |
| 61 | 70 | SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY | China |
| 62 | 64 | DELFT UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY | Netherlands |
| 63 | 58 | OSAKA UNIVERSITY | Japan |
| 63 | 62 | UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW | United Kingdom |
| 65 | 67 | MONASH UNIVERSITY | Australia |
| 66 | 59 | UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN | United States |
| 67 | 77 | UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN | United States |
| 68 | 75 | LUDWIG-MAXIMILIANS-UNIVERSITÄT MÜNCHEN | Germany |
| 68 | 70 | NATIONAL TAIWAN UNIVERSITY (NTU) | Taiwan |
| 68 | 69 | UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN | Denmark |
| 71 | 84 | GEORGIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (GEORGIA TECH) | United States |
| 72 | 66 | RUPRECHT-KARLS-UNIVERSITÄT HEIDELBERG | Germany |
| 73 | 70 | LUND UNIVERSITY | Sweden |
| 74 | 61 | DURHAM UNIVERSITY | United Kingdom |
| 75 | 74 | TOHOKU UNIVERSITY | Japan |
| 75 | 70 | THE UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM | United Kingdom |
| 77 | 68 | UNIVERSITY OF ST ANDREWS | United Kingdom |
| 78 | 79 | UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA, CHAPEL HILL | United States |
| 79 | 82 | KATHOLIEKE UNIVERSITEIT LEUVEN | Belgium |
| 80 | 85 | UNIVERSITY OF ZURICH | Switzerland |
| 81 | 82 | THE UNIVERSITY OF AUCKLAND | New Zealand |
| 82 | 76 | UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM | United Kingdom |
| 83 | 87 | POHANG UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (POSTECH) | Korea |
| 84 | 80 | THE UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD | United Kingdom |
| 85 | 124 | UNIVERSIDAD DE BUENOS AIRES | Argentina |
| 85 | 85 | UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, DAVIS (UCD) | United States |
| 87 | 81 | UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON | United Kingdom |
| 88 | 99 | OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY | United States |
| 89 | 91 | BOSTON UNIVERSITY | United States |
| 90 | 106 | RICE UNIVERSITY | United States |
| 91 | 96 | UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI | Finland |
| 92 | 89 | PURDUE UNIVERSITY | United States |
| 93 | 87 | UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS | United Kingdom |
| 94 | 96 | UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA | Canada |
| 95 | 101 | PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY | United States |
| 95 | 89 | UNIVERSITY OF GENEVA | Switzerland |
| 97 | 92 | KTH, ROYAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY | Sweden |
| 98 | 102 | UPPSALA UNIVERSITY | Sweden |
| 98 | 104 | KOREA UNIVERSITY | Korea |
| 98 | 78 | TRINITY COLLEGE DUBLIN (TCD) | Ireland |
| 98 | 93 | KIT, KARLSRUHER INSTITUT FÜR TECHNOLOGIE | Germany |
| 102 | 95 | LEIDEN UNIVERSITY | Netherlands |
| 102 | 98 | THE UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA (UWA) | Australia |
| 104 | 94 | UTRECHT UNIVERSITY | Netherlands |
| 104 | 113 | UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF CHINA | China |
| 106 | 118 | SUNGKYUNKWAN UNIVERSITY | Korea |
| 106 | 110 | WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY IN ST. LOUIS | United States |
| 108 | 108 | LOMONOSOV MOSCOW STATE UNIVERSITY | Russia |
| 109 | 112 | TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF DENMARK | Denmark |
| 110 | 110 | ZHEJIANG UNIVERSITY | China |
| 111 | 116 | THE HONG KONG POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY | Hong Kong |
| 112 | 105 | YONSEI UNIVERSITY | Korea |
| 113 | 135 | UNIVERSITY OF OSLO | Norway |
| 113 | 100 | UNIVERSITY OF GRONINGEN | Netherlands |
| 115 | 130 | NANJING UNIVERSITY | China |
| 115 | 120 | NAGOYA UNIVERSITY | Japan |
| 117 | 107 | AARHUS UNIVERSITY | Denmark |
| 118 | 129 | UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SANTA BARBARA (UCSB) | United States |
| 119 | 135 | WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY | Netherlands |
| 120 | 143 | UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO (USP) | Brazil |
| 121 | 126 | HUMBOLDT-UNIVERSITÄT ZU BERLIN | Germany |
| 121 | 117 | EINDHOVEN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY | Netherlands |
| 123 | 119 | FREIE UNIVERSITÄT BERLIN | Germany |
| 123 | 109 | QUEEN MARY UNIVERSITY OF LONDON (QMUL) | United Kingdom |
| 125 | 113 | THE UNIVERSITY OF ADELAIDE | Australia |
| 126 | 115 | UNIVERSITÉ DE MONTRÉAL | Canada |
| 127 | 103 | UNIVERSITY OF YORK | United Kingdom |
| 128 | 160 | UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO (UNAM) | Mexico |
| 129 | 121 | LANCASTER UNIVERSITY | United Kingdom |
| 130 | 139 | HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY | Japan |
| 131 | 124 | UNIVERSITY OF GHENT | Belgium |
| 131 | 126 | UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK | United States |
| 133 | 146 | UNIVERSITI MALAYA (UM) | Malaysia |
| 133 | 139 | AALTO UNIVERSITY | Finland |
| 135 | 142 | KYUSHU UNIVERSITY | Japan |
| 136 | 130 | UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA | United States |
| 137 | 123 | UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA | United States |
| 138 | 143 | UNIVERSITY OF LAUSANNE | Switzerland |
| 139 | 132 | CHALMERS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY | Sweden |
| 140 | 122 | CARDIFF UNIVERSITY | United Kingdom |
| 141 | 137 | UNIVERSITÉ PIERRE-ET-MARIE-CURIE (UPMC) | FRANCE |
| 141 | 139 | UNIVERSITY OF BASEL | Switzerland |
| 141 | 137 | UNIVERSITY OF ABERDEEN | United Kingdom |
| 144 | 126 | ERASMUS UNIVERSITY ROTTERDAM | Netherlands |
| 145 | 133 | UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH | United States |
| 146 | 145 | RHEINISCH-WESTFÄLISCHE TECHNISCHE HOCHSCHULE AACHEN | Germany |
| 147 | 170 | PONTIFICIA UNIVERSIDAD CATÓLICA DE CHILE | Chile |
| 148 | 148 | HEBREW UNIVERSITY OF JERUSALEM | Israel |
| 149 | 149 | MCMASTER UNIVERSITY | Canada |
| 149 | 165 | EMORY UNIVERSITY | United States |
| 151 | 155 | NATIONAL TSING HUA UNIVERSITY | Taiwan |
| 152 | 152 | UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO | Canada |
| 152 | 147 | INDIAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE BANGALORE | India |
| 154 | 149 | UNIVERSITÉ CATHOLIQUE DE LOUVAIN (UCL) | Belgium |
| 155 | 153 | UNIVERSITÄT WIEN | Austria |
| 156 | 163 | UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, IRVINE (UCI) | United States |
| 157 | 151 | UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL | United Kingdom |
| 158 | 158 | DARTMOUTH COLLEGE | United States |
| 159 | 159 | UNIVERSITY OF BATH | United Kingdom |
| 160 | 166 | UNIVERSITAT DE BARCELONA (UB) | Spain |
| 160 | 159 | TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY | United States |
| 160 | 164 | MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY | United States |
| 163 | 133 | UNIVERSITÄT FREIBURG | Germany |
| 164 | 178 | TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITÄT BERLIN | Germany |
| 164 | 161 | UNIVERSITY OF EXETER | United Kingdom |
| 164 | 156 | CENTRALESUPÉLEC | FRANCE |
| 167 | 173 | EBERHARD-KARLS-UNIVERSITÄT TÜBINGEN | Germany |
| 168 | 162 | NEWCASTLE UNIVERSITY | United Kingdom |
| 169 | 173 | UNIVERSITY OF OTAGO | New Zealand |
| 170 | 175 | UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO AT BOULDER | United States |
| 171 | 193 | HANYANG UNIVERSITY | Korea |
| 172 | 172 | UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA | United States |
| 173 | 169 | MAASTRICHT UNIVERSITY | Netherlands |
| 174 | 182 | NATIONAL CHIAO TUNG UNIVERSITY | Taiwan |
| 175 | 156 | UNIVERSITY OF READING | United Kingdom |
| 176 | 154 | UNIVERSITY COLLEGE DUBLIN (UCD) | Ireland |
| 177 | 168 | GEORG-AUGUST-UNIVERSITÄT GÖTTINGEN | Germany |
| 177 | 188 | ÉCOLE NORMALE SUPÉRIEURE DE LYON | FRANCE |
| 177 | 181 | UNIVERSITY OF BERGEN | Norway |
| 177 | 188 | UNIVERSITY OF TWENTE | Netherlands |
| 181 | 166 | UNIVERSITY OF BERN | Switzerland |
| 182 | 194 | VRIJE UNIVERSITEIT BRUSSEL (VUB) | Belgium |
| 183 | 187 | POLITECNICO DI MILANO | Italy |
| 183 | 197 | TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITÄT WIEN | Austria |
| 185 | 180 | UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA | United States |
| 185 | 179 | INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY DELHI (IITD) | India |
| 187 | 185 | UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS, CHICAGO (UIC) | United States |
| 187 | 187 | UNIVERSITY OF SUSSEX | United Kingdom |
| 189 | 199 | KING FAHD UNIVERSITY OF PETROLEUM & MINERALS (KFUPM) | Saudi Arabia |
| 190 | 177 | RADBOUD UNIVERSITY NIJMEGEN | Netherlands |
| 191 | 195 | UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS (UNICAMP) | Brazil |
| 191 | 171 | UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN | South Africa |
| 193 | 218 | UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, SYDNEY (UTS) | Australia |
| 194 | 190 | UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER | United States |
| 195 | 182 | QUEEN'S UNIVERSITY OF BELFAST | United Kingdom |
| 196 | 182 | STOCKHOLM UNIVERSITY | Sweden |
| 196 | 204 | UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY | Canada |
| 198 | 192 | WESTERN UNIVERSITY | Canada |
| 199 | 176 | VRIJE UNIVERSITEIT AMSTERDAM | Netherlands |
| 200 | 209 | UNIVERSIDAD DE CHILE | Chile |
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Méthodologie
Fondé sur les réponses de près de 75.000 universitaires et de plus de 37.000 employeurs, le QS World University Rankings est établi sur la base de 6 indicateurs : la réputation académique (qui compte pour 40 %), le volume de citations par université (20 %), la réputation auprès des employeurs (10 %), le ratio enseignants/étudiants (20 %), le ratio d'étudiants internationaux (5 %) et le ratio d'enseignants internationaux (5 %).
Lire aussi sur EducPros.
Fondé sur les réponses de près de 75.000 universitaires et de plus de 37.000 employeurs, le QS World University Rankings est établi sur la base de 6 indicateurs : la réputation académique (qui compte pour 40 %), le volume de citations par université (20 %), la réputation auprès des employeurs (10 %), le ratio enseignants/étudiants (20 %), le ratio d'étudiants internationaux (5 %) et le ratio d'enseignants internationaux (5 %).
Lire aussi sur EducPros.
